type

>>> dir(type)
['__abstractmethods__', '__annotations__', '__base__', '__bases__', '__basicsize__', '__call__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dictoffset__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__flags__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__instancecheck__', '__itemsize__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__mro__', '__name__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__or__', '__prepare__', '__qualname__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__ror__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasscheck__', '__subclasses__', '__subclasshook__', '__text_signature__', '__weakrefoffset__', 'mro']

Dunder methods

Dunder Method	Operation	Example (normal syntax)	Example (dunder call)
__call__	Create instance	int('5') → 5	int.__call__('5')
__instancecheck__	Used by isinstance()	isinstance(3, int)	int.__instancecheck__(3)
__subclasscheck__	Used by issubclass()	issubclass(bool, int)	int.__subclasscheck__(bool)
__prepare__	Class namespace setup	type.__prepare__('X',())	(rarely used manually)