method

Definition

A method is a function bound to an object. Accessing obj.method produces a bound method that remembers obj as its first argument. Methods can be inspected for their underlying function and the bound instance.

class Greeter:
    def hi(self, name):
        return f"hi {name}"

g = Greeter()
bound = g.hi      # method bound to g
bound("Ada")      # 'hi Ada'

Introspection

• __self__ — the bound instance (or None for unbound functions retrieved from a class)
• __func__ — the original function object

>>> bound.__self__ is g
True
>>> bound.__func__ is Greeter.hi
True

Dunder methods

Dunder Method	Operation	Example (normal syntax)	Example (dunder call)
__call__	Call the method	"hi".upper() → 'HI'	"hi".upper.__call__()
__func__	Underlying function	obj.method.__func__	(attribute access)
__self__	Bound instance	obj.method.__self__	(attribute access)